The address offered an opportunity for the president to address people's concerns about affordability, an issue that Trump has repeatedly referred to as a Democratic hoax.
While casting blame on Biden's presidency, Trump conceded that prices remain high, but argued the nation was "poised" for an economic boom.
"I am bringing those high prices down and bringing them down very fast," he said.
He pledged conditions would improve in the coming year, citing his tax policies, tariffs and plans to replace the chairman of the Federal Reserve, Jerome Powell.
That timetable would come as welcome news to Trump's fellow Republicans, who are seeking to maintain control of the House of Representatives and Senate in November elections next year. Nearly a year before elections, Democrats are already highlighting affordability concerns and differences over healthcare policy.
Trump campaigned on the economy, effectively leveraging the high inflation of Biden's presidency to beat former Vice President Kamala Harris in last year's election.
As president, Trump's tariff policies this year have created uncertainty and lifted prices in an economy that has now been overseen by his administration for nearly a year - and Trump, like Biden before him, has been struggling to persuade Americans that the economy is healthy.
A new Reuters/Ipsos poll on Tuesday showed just 33% of U.S. adults approve of how Trump has handled the economy.
After the speech, Democrats contended Trump had offered Americans few solutions to their concerns.
Senator Mark Warner of Virginia called the address "a sad attempt at distraction," while California Governor Gavin Newsom, a potential 2028 presidential contender, simply posted the word "Me" - referring to Trump - more than 700 times.
'HOTTEST COUNTRY ANYWHERE'
In his remarks, Trump said he had attracted $18 trillion in investments that will create jobs and open factories. He credited his tariff policy as a leading factor: "One year ago our country was dead... Now we're the hottest country anywhere in the world."
The speech came just a day before a closely-watched update on inflation from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. After touching a four-year low of 2.3% in April just three months into Trump's second term, annual inflation since then has been grinding higher.
Broadly, recent government data has shown that the economy’s growth has rebounded somewhat after it contracted during the first few months of the year. Yet it also shows that job growth has slowed during Trump’s second term, unemployment has risen to its highest level in four years and consumer prices remain high.
[Source: Reuters]